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Speech within the borders of Bosnia and Herzegovina falls within four sub-dialects of the štokavian dialect: Eastern Bosnian, Eastern Herzegovinian, Posavinian (or Slavonian) and Western.Two of them are non-novoštokavian (Eastern Bosnian and Posavinian) and two are novoštokavian (Eastern Herzegovinian and Western). Eastern Bosnian is ijekavian šćakavian, Eastern Herzegovinian is ijekavian štakavian, Posavinian is ikavian-jekavian štakavian, and Western isikavian štakavian-šćakavian. Two novoštokavian sub-dialects cover approximately two thirds of the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and two non-novoštokavian cover one third, with the Posavinian sub-dialect covering the smallest territory: only seven villages in the Orašje municipalitys peak in this dialect. Eastern Bosnian and Western sub-dialects are spoken by Bosniaks and Croats, Serbs to a lesser extent; Eastern Herzegovinian is spoken by Bosniaks, Croats and Serbs; Posavinian is spoken by Croats only. Traces of the old division of the štokavian dialect into eastern and western variants is still evident in the speech varieties in contemporary Bosnia and Herzegovina: some reflect features of western štokavian origin, and some of the eastern štokavian. Frequent migrations and mixing of the population of different dialects contributed to the diversity of speech across the country. Moreover, with a pronounced religious and ethnic blending of the population, the dialects in Bosnia and Herzegovina are quite interesting.Scholarly literature on dialectology presents basic information about speech in Bosnia and Herzegovina.However, neither major monographs nor various contributions in the field of dialectology produced from the end of the 19th century onwards offer a view of linguistic phenomena in speech in Bosnia and Herzegovina as a whole - only linguistic atlases provide the geographic spread of certain phenomena in the given language coverage. Systemic linguo-geographic study of BiH speech has been made possible thanks to the material obtained through uniform questionnaires developed as part of the project entitled "BiH Dialectological Complex - Synchronous Description and Position of the Contemporary Standard Language" by the Language Institute in Sarajevo. The BiH Language Atlas (BLA) is based primarily on this corpus, collected throughout 1970s and 1980s. Field research continued in 2016 and 2017 with amendments to some of the questionnaires and the collelction was expanded by recordings from four previously unexplored speech varieties; BLA thus covers 230 local speech varieties. Speech by Bosniaks was researched in one hundred locations, speech by Serbs in eighty, and speech by Croats in fifty. Although speech has been changed considerably, due to movement and relocation of the population during the war in the early 1990s, materials collected between 1975 and 1986 and those from 2016 and 2017 are comparable and create a whole that allows for the production of a national linguistic atlas.The phonetic volume of BLA is the first in a series of volumes planned to be published, and itis the fruit of labour of more than thirty collaborators of the Slavic Committee. The introductory part presents key information about the project itself, a list of speech varieties examined,a list of orthographic markings of speech varieties covered, a list of field researchers with the number of questionnaires completed, a phonetic transcription system, a register of lexemes and a map of dialects and sub-dialects in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The main part is dedicated to themost important phonetic phenomena: of a total of 181 questions, 63 relate to vocalism and 118to consonantism. It contains transcribed recordings of speech varieties examined, a linguistic interpretation of the material, commentaries regarding the ethymology of the lexemes and maps with symbols representing the corpus, allowing th tracking of isophones, determination of areal features of certain phenomena, specification of dialect boudnaries and an overview of horizontal spread of BiH dialects. Each map includes a legend and data on the presence of specific forms with graphic representation. The lettering is in three colours (green: examined speech by Bosniaks;blue: speech by Croats; red: speech by Serbs) in order for the maps to reflect at the same time the differences based on the informants' ethnic background. The annex present a word index,a list of cited bibliography, as well as a list of abbreviations, markings and graphic symbols.

Bosnian language --- Bosnian language --- Dialects --- Phonetics --- Phonetics

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The book Approaching Language is a selection of articles or parts of articles of the author written during his research and teaching work, and in which,sometimes in a great amount, was reported something new, unknown in the Bosnian-Herzegovinian linguistic science until they appeared, whether we consider language as a structural creation, or if we consider it as a social phenomenon.The introductory text - the interview, In the Defense of the Scientific Approach to Language problems, which gives an insight to the author's relation toward the facts and questions which he clarifies, is first followed by the articles in which the language structure is explained, in the basis of the organic idioms of the štokavian dialect, but of the standard Croatian-Serbian language as well, its nature and norm before the dissolution on separate standard languages: Bosnian, Montenegrian, Croatian and Serbian,then by the texts with theoretical characteristics, dedicated to the questions of language planning and functioning of the standard language in nationally non-homogeneous communities.The problems of organic idioms are very present in this book. Seven works are dedicated to this issue, five of which are related to the most archaicorganic idiom in Bosnia and Herzegovina - the subdialect of the natives in Bosnian Posavina. The first of them, A Contribution to the Problems of the Posavian Ikavian Dialect in Bosnian Posavina, is important because it completed the gap that remained after the monograph of S. Ivić Today's Posavian Subdialect.This article precisely determines where the southern border of that subdialectin Bosnia and Herzegovina is, and all the villages with the Croatian population that belong to that subdialect are enumerated. The second paper The Syntax of Case in the Subdialect of the Natives in Bosnian Posavina,is the first work describing our dialects that gives a full description of the syntax of case, as a system of constructions used in one subdialect to state all the case meanings.The third work, The Acute Accent in the Subdialect of the Natives in Bosnian Posavina, is a part of the author's MA paper The Accent System of Village Kostrča in Bosnian Posavina (Bosnian-Herzegovinian Dialectology Anthology II, 159-234). In this article there is a review of the distribution of the acute accent and the author highlighted the grammatical categories in which S. Ivić in his work A Contribution to the Slavic Accent gave arguments for the presence of the acute, and he also mentioned the categories which hadn't been explained before. The work Orientalisms in the Subdialect of the Natives in Bosnian Posavina is the introductory fraction of the dictionary with the same title. As an introductory text, it talks about the adaptation of the orientalisms in this subdialect, and it is included to complete the totality about this organic idiom, together with the paper About the Subdialect of the Natives of Bosnian Posavina.

Bosnian language --- Serbo-Croatian language --- Language policy --- Dialects. --- Standardization.